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Pharmaceutical wastewater can be difficult to treat with conventional physical/chemical and biological treatment systems. The presence of antibiotics in sewage selects for resistance markers that are able to spread through the microbial community and as a result, antibiotic resistant bacteria can potentially disseminate their resistance genes widely among members of the endogenous microbial community. The sludge products of urban and rural wastewater treatment plants are increasingly used to fertilize agricultural crops, dispersing unknown amounts of resistance genes and antibiotics that withstand standard sewage treatment. Pharmaceutical wastewater effluents are well known for their difficult elimination by traditional biotreatment methods and their important contribution to environmental pollution due to its fluctuating and recalcitrant nature. OTC is one of the nonbiodegradable antibiotics that makes antibiotic-resistant, so it can make be high risk for environment. NZVI can be a good choice for removal of OTC in aqueous solution. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the amounts of NZVI and OTC to be used at pH 3 and under 200 W, UV-A irradiation. The responses were removal percent of absorption at 290 and 348 nm, TOC and COD of OTC. In the optimum condition, Linear model was performed 155 ppm of OTC were removed by 1000 ppm NZVI after 6.5 hours and the removal efficiency of absorption at 290 and 348 nm, TOC and COD were 87, 95, 85 and 89 percent, respectively. In the similar process, there is no organic compound after 14 hours. The parameters ORP, DO and pH were investigated for 6:30 hours to study the type of NZVI reaction in process. In the beginning of reaction, oxidation was the dominant reaction after 3 hours, photo catalytic reaction was remarkable. The mechanism of OTC degradation is proposed by HPLC/ESI-MS and four by products were found. Also the rate constants (first order kinetic chain reaction model) were 0.0099, 0.0021, 0.0010, 0.0049 and 0.0074 min-1, respectively.

Focus on kineticcs of removal antibiotics wastewater by nano-zero valent iron in oxidation and photoxidation process