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Vast areas in the Arctic are faced with widespread threats ranging from gas and oil development to tourism (Sippola et al., 1995; Crawford, 1997; Forbes et al., 2001). East European and West Siberian parts of Russian Arctic have important resources of gas and oil and, thus, experience intensive mechanical impacts. By the mid-1990s, off-road transportation connected with geological prospecting had already resulted in severe damage of parts of the Y amal Peninsula. Y amal ecosystems are characterised by extreme vulnerability and low restoration potential. The rate and patterns of their natural recovery depend on the severity of the disturbance, latitudinal position and habitat type. Though only 4.5% of the local flora species in surroundings of Bovanenkovo gas field (central Yamal) can be considered as active colonizers, natural recovery is conducted only by aboriginal species. Adventitious element, wh ich is common at disturbed sites in the Boreal zone, was not found. The main problem of recultivation in the northern parts of Y amal is the absence of appropriate seed material. The planted seeds of southern grasses get completely extinct after 1 or 2 winters. Only local species (Deschampsia glauca, Poa alpigena, Arctagrostis latifolia, Calamagrostis neglecta) should be used. The study of natural recovery has showed that recommended sets of species should be site specific. Along with grasses, sowing mixtures should include sedges and forbs (different sets for sandy and loam soils). Transplanting seedlings or vegetatively reproduced young plants (especially for sedges) give good survival results. Use of willow cuttings is very promising but appropriate species (Salix lanata, S. reptans) should be chosen.

Natural recovery of man-made disturbances in the west Siberian arctic and recommended species for rehabilitation