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To evaluate the protective effects of Plantago Major extract (PME) in stimulated BV-2 microglial cells and its anti-oxidant properties, cell viability assessment was performed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to activate BV-2 microglia. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured using Griess assay. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antioxidant properties were evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. LPS-activated excessive release of NO in BV-2 cells was significantly inhibited by PME (P < 0.001 at 100 μg/mL). PME also scavenged DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05 at 10 μg/mL and P < 0.001 at 20~200 μg/mL). These results indicate that PME attenuated neuroinflammatory responses in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia by inhibiting excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO and TNF-α. The anti-neuroinflammatory potential of PME may be related to its strong antioxidant properties.

Anti-neuroinflammatory Effect of Plantago Major var. Japonica in BV-2 Microglial Cells