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Solar energy is an alternative energy source to meet global energy needs in today’s life. In this regard, photovoltaic technology is the best choice to face the global energy crisis because of its eternal nature. Solar cells, or also called photovoltaic cells (PV), are a technology that can convert solar energy in the form of photons into electrical energy. The process of converting electrical energy in PV utilizes photons in sunlight at visible light wavelengths to excite electrons in semiconductor materials so that electrons’ flow occurs. Several generations of solar cells have been produced, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. There are several things that concern PV technology, including stability, ease in the fabrication process, and especially energy efficiency. Currently, perovskite-type solar cells (PSC) made from organic (CH3NH3) and inorganic (PbX3, X=Br-, Cl-, I-) matters have attracted the attention of researchers because they can dramatically increase efficiency from 3.9 % in 2009 to 22.1 % at present [1]. PSC also can absorb photons with a power conversion of more than 30 % [2], its simple structure and potential application to flexible substrates [3]. The advantages of PSC-type PV cells were described in full by [4], who stated that PSCs had good film formation properties, good transparency, and were close to infrared. Hole Transport Material (HTM) is an advantage of PSC as an electric charge layer, which significantly affects its efficiency increase due to its good transparency [5]. Next, we will describe some of the research results related to HTL and PSC. From several research results, inorganic materials that are widely used as HTL are CuSCN [6], NiO [7], CuO [8], and MoO3 [9]. The wide usage is due to the excess of inorganic materials compared to organic in terms of the higher mobility of the holes and a broader bandgap that could absorb more photons. Meanwhile, the advantages of modern organic materials, such as Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) as HTL PSC, are only in terms of efficiency of PSC cells. Unfortunately, this good efficiency does not last long due to its acidity, its tendency to absorb water, and especially its inability to block electrons [10]. Therefore, inorganic materials are still a better choice as HTL PSC compared to organic materials. The HTL material criteria include that the valence bond in HTL must synchronize with the perovskite’s valence bond to reach high Voc. The mobility of the hole must be acceptable to increase the fill factor, and good thermal stability. Another criterion that must be considered is the thickness of the HTL, which can improve PSC growth. Based on the Copyright © 2021, Rustan Hatib, Sudjito Soeparman, Denny Widhiyanuriyawan, Nurkholis Hamidi

Performance of perovskite solar cell coated with graphene oxide as hole transport layer