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Ce3+ is known to show broad optical emission peaking in the green spectralrange. For the stabilization of 3-valent cerium in ceramic phosphors such ascalcium scandate CaSc2O4, often co-doping with sodium for charge compensationis performed (Na+, Ce3+ = 2 Ca2+). At the melting point of CaSc2O4 (ca. 2110deg C), however, alkaline oxides evaporate completely and co-doping is thus nooption for crystal growth from the melt. It is shown that even withoutco-doping Ce3+:CaSc2O4 crystal fibers can be grown from the melt bylaser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) in a suitable reactive atmosphere. Reactivemeans here that the oxygen partial pressure is a function of temperature andpO2(T) rises for this atmosphere in such a way that Ce3+ is kept stable for allT. Crystal fibers with ca. 1 mm diameter and up to 50 mm length were grown andcharacterized. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed in thepseudo-binary system CaO-Sc2O3, and the specific heat capacity cp(T) of CaSc2O4was measured up to 1240 K by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Near andbeyond the melting point of calcium scandate significant evaporation of calciumtends to shift the melt composition towards the Sc2O3 side. Measurements andthermodynamic calculations reveal quantitative data on the fugacities ofevaporating species.

Ce3+:CaSc2O4 Crystal Fibers for Green Light Emission: Growth Issues and Characterization