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espanolEl objetivo del estudio fue describir la evolucion de la poblacion laboral en un hospital de referencia del sur de Espana durante una decada (2006-2016,) centrandose en la categoria laboral predominante: las enfermeras. Para ello se realizo un estudio epidemiologico descriptivo de tipo trasversal, en forma de piramide poblacional, cuyo punto de corte fue enero de 2017. El ambito de estudio fue la poblacion laboral de un hospital regional del sur de Espana con 5450 profesionales, de las que 1408 eran enfermeras. Se calcularon indices, uno para relacionar la poblacion joven con la madura y otro de feminidad, comparandose con un informe previo de 2006. Los resultados mostraron una estructura demografica en forma de piramide invertida, de base estrecha, y asimetrica. Con una poblacion laboral envejecida y feminizada en casi todos los tramos de edad, siendo el indice de feminidad aun mayor para la poblacion de enfermeras. La poblacion laboral mayor de 50 anos, superaba a la menor de dicha edad. Existia un estrechamiento llamativo en el tramo de 51 a 55 anos, solo en las mujeres enfermeras, que interrumpia el incremento progresivo de la poblacion laboral que le antecedia. Concluimos que la poblacion laboral estudiada ha envejecido progresivamente, con un predominio femenino mayoritario, especialmente en las enfermeras, apreciandose desajustes que obligan a analizar las causas y a planificar actuaciones. Los estudios demograficos pueden facilitar la vigilancia de la salud colectiva priorizando actuaciones segun las variables edad y sexo. El escaso porcentaje de la fuerza laboral joven y el hecho de que la edad de la jubilacion real del personal estudiado sea inferior a la legal deberia llamar la atencion de los gestores para aplicar medidas eficientes que promuevan el “envejecimiento activo”, asi como otras medidas que faciliten la entrada de los jovenes en el mercado de trabajo. EnglishThe aim of this study was to describe the work population evolution of a southern Spain hospital along a decade (2006-2016), focusing in the predominant staff. Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study was undertaken to build up a population pyramid. The cut-off point was January 2017. The scope was the work force of a regional hospital with 5450 members, 1408 of which were nurses. One index was calculated to relate youth with the older population; and another one to look at femininity. The results revealed an inverted pyramid-shaped, narrow-based and feminized asymmetric, demographic structure, and a progressive ageing after a decade. The femininity index was even higher for the nursing population. The working population over 50 years was greater than that below this age. There was a striking narrowing in the 51-55 age stretch, but only in female nurses. We conclude that there is an ageing working population and a predominance of women in almost all age groups, especially in nurses. There is an imbalance that makes it necessary to plan health monitoring. In such a way that demographic studies would facilitate collective health monitoring by prioritising actions according to age and sex variables. The low percentages of young nurses, together with the fact the age of the retirement in the studied population is lower than the legal one, are facts which must draw the attention of Spanish managers to put in place realistic and efficient measures that promote the “active ageing” so often spoken of as well as others that facilitate the entry into the labour market of young workers.

Progressive ageing of working population in a southern Spain reference hospital