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The resilience of social-ecological systems is one of the most important fields of environmental sciences today, yet in the Hungarian scientific discourse it is rarely discussed in depth. In my essay I summarize the most important results of resilience theory based on the works of the most important authors in this field. Resilience theory applies our knowledge on complex adaptive REZILIENCIA: VÁLTOZÁS ÉS ÁLLANDÓSÁG TÁRSADALMI-ÖKOLÓGIAI RENDSZEREKBEN 1649 Magyar Tudomány 181(2020)12 systems in practice, primarily in natural resource management. The starting point of resilience theory is the recognition of the fact that social-ecological systems are never in an equilibrium state rather in constant change and variation, and this variability is not just something they withstand but essentially they need in order to sustain their existence. This variability can be expected as three basic forms of surprises: (1) the system’s own unpredictability, (2) nonlinear changes due to external shocks and pressures and (3) structural attributes that define the adaptive capacity of a system towards completely new challenges. Resilience theory of social-ecological systems concludes that the efficient response to all these challenges lies in the unified application of traditional ecological knowledge, participatory governance and systems-thinking. The COVID-19 pandemic is a striking example of the challenges that may be caused by irresponsible use of ecological systems. According to many scientific predictions, similar challenges are to be expected in the coming decades. Resilience theory provides tools to understand and prepare for such challenges. Kulcsszavak: reziliencia, társadalmi-ökológiai rendszerek, természetierőforrás-menedzsment

Reziliencia: változás és állandóság társadalmi-ökológiai rendszerekben • Resilience: Variability and Persistence in Social-ecological Systems