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The physiological colonization resistance exerted by the murine gut microbiota prevents conventional mice from  Campylobacter jejuni  infection. In the present study we addressed whether this also held true for  Campylobacter coli . Following peroral application,  C. coli  as opposed to  C. jejuni  could stably establish within the gastrointestinal tract of conventionally colonized mice until 3 weeks post-challenge. Neither before nor after either  Campylobacter  application any changes in the gut microbiota composition could be observed.  C. coli , but not  C. jejuni  challenge was associated with pronounced regenerative, but not apoptotic responses in colonic epithelia. At day 21 following  C. coli  versus  C. jejuni  application mice exhibited higher numbers of adaptive immune cells including T-lymphocytes and regulatory T-cells in the colonic mucosa and lamina propria that were accompanied by higher large intestinal interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentrations in the former versus the latter but comparable to naive levels.  Campylobacter  application resulted in decreased splenic IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 concentrations, whereas IL-12p70 secretion was increased in the spleens at day 21 following  C. coli  application only. In either  Campylobacter  cohort decreased IL-10 concentrations could be measured in splenic and serum samples. In conclusion, the commensal gut microbiota prevents mice from  C. jejuni , but not  C. coli  infection.

european journal of microbiology and immunology

The conundrum of colonization resistance against Campylobacter reloaded: The gut microbota composition in conventional mice does not prevent from Campylobacter coli infection