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We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of infection with Neospora caninum, Leptospira , and bovine herpesvirus type 1 and risk factors associated with these infections in water buffaloes in Veracruz State, Mexico. Through a cross-sectional study, 144 water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) raised in 5 ranches of Veracruz were examined for anti-N. caninum and anti-bovine herpesvirus type 1 antibodies by enzyme immunoassays, and anti-Leptospira interrogans antibodies by microscopic agglutination test. Of the 144 buffaloes studied, 35 (24.3%) were positive for N. caninum , 50 (34.7%) for Leptospira , and 83 (57.6%) for bovine herpes virus. The frequencies of leptospiral serovars in buffaloes were as follows: 18.7% for Muenchen ( n = 27), 10.4% for Hardjo LT ( n = 15), 9.0% for Pyrogenes ( n = 13), and 4.8% for Icterohaemorrhagiae ( n = 7). Seropositive buffaloes were found in all 5 ranches studied. Logistic regression showed that cohabitation of buffaloes with cows was associated with infection with Leptospira (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-4.5; P = 0.03) and bovine herpesvirus (OR, 12.0; 95% CI, 4.0-36.2; P &lt; 0.01). This is the first study that provides serological evidence of N. caninum, Leptospira , and bovine herpesvirus type 1 infections in water buffaloes in Mexico. Our findings could be used to enhance preventive measures against these infections.

european journal of microbiology and immunology

Seroepidemiology of infection with Neospora caninum, Leptospira, and bovine herpesvirus type 1 in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Veracruz, Mexico