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While the subject of the Venetian espionage in the Ottoman empire has receivedscholarly attention, no attempt has been made to study the baili’sintelligence-gathering activities on Safavid issues in a systematic way. Throughthe close scrutiny of baili dispatches and other relevant materials of theVenetian State archives, this paper examines the role of the Venetian diplomatsin Istanbul in information-gathering on the Safavids. It demonstrates that thebaili used various techniques, particularly gifting, bribery, and informationexchange with the Ottoman officials in order to collect and transmit to Venice awide range of information on Ottomans’ arch-rivals, the Safavids.

Venice’s Knowledge of the Qizilbash – The Importance of the Role of the Venetian Baili in Intelligence-Gathering on the Safavids