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\udAbstract \udIn this paper, the convergence in R&amp;D expenditure across 21 European Union\udcountries is examined by applying fractional integration analysis. Data are\udannual and cover the period 1990–2010. Results show that there is certain degree\udof convergence in R&amp;D intensity. However, the speed of the convergence\udvaries across countries. For most of the countries, the speed of convergence is\udhigher in the R&amp;D expenditures of governments than in the R&amp;D\udexpenditures of higher education institutions and businesses. Differences in the\udspeed of convergence could be explained by differences in industry structures,\udin cultural trajectories, in macroeconomic conditions, or in\udinternationalisation. The more dissimilar countries are in terms of these\udfactors the more likely they are to have divergent paths. Furthermore,\uddifferences in R&amp;D convergence by institutional sectors could be due to the\uddifferent goals of each sector and to the relative weight of each sector in the\udentire economy.\u

Convergence in R&D intensity across European countries: A fractional integration approach