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Gas production from hydraulically-fractured shales requires an ability to recover gas stored in tight shale matrices through newly-generated fractures. We previously found that geochemical reactions between hydraulic fracturing fluids and Marcellus Shale may result in the precipitation of scale-forming minerals along primary fractures. Organic acids present within fractured shale, either naturally-present in the shale or from reaction of injected frac chemicals, can affect scale-forming mineral solubility. To date limited information exists on water-soluble organic acids present in the Marcellus Shale that can affect the solubility of minerals such as barite. This study investigates which water-soluble organic substances are present in Marcellus Shale core collected from the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environmental Laboratory site (MSEEL; Morgantown, WV), and how these organic substances affect barite scale formation. Results to date suggest that the water-soluble component of shale minerals likely contributes organic acids to the produced water. On-going work is focused on using measured organic acid concentrations, along with measured dissolved solutes in MSEEL produced waters, to estimate the potential for barite and other mineral scales to form in hydraulically-fractured Marcellus Shale. Introduction Organic acid composition and concentrations measured in produced waters from hydraulically-fractured Marcellus Shale wells varies (Akob et al., 2015). This is a result of organic variability across the Marcellus Shale formation, chemicals and procedures applied during fracturing treatments for gas recovery, and sample handling and analytical approaches for produced waters (Orem et al., 2014; Akob et al., 2015). Barite and other mineral scales are an issue in oil and gas wells due to their potential to affect hydrocarbon recovery flow pathways (He and Vidic, 2015). Ba and sulfate co-exist in Marcellus Shale produced waters (Haluszczak et al., 2013), and have been observed to co-exist in experimental fluids associated with fracturing fluid-shale reactions involving Marcellus Shale (Dieterich et al., 2016; Marcon et al., 2017; Vankeuren et al., under review). Both field and experimental data suggest that organic acids affect barite solubility in hydraulically-fractured Marcellus Shale, and their presence was noted as a cause for increased concentrations of Ba and sulfate in produced waters (He et al., 2014). In this study, we measured organic acid concentrations from ultrapure water extracts of Marcellus Shale side wall cores collected from the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environmental Laboratory MIP 3H well (Sharma et al., 2017). These values, along with produced water chemistry data collected during flowback of the MIP 3H well, were used to

proceedings of the 9th unconventional resources technology conference

Role of Organic Acids in Controlling Mineral Scale Formation During Hydraulic Fracturing at the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environmental Laboratory (MSEEL) Site