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Recent warming has strongly affected the melting of permafrost in high alpine regions. The melt water of permafrost and rock glaciers caused unexpected changes in aquatic ecosystems, ranging from rapid increases in conductivity to toxic levels in metal concentrations that can exceed drinking water standards by more than an order of magnitude. The processes controlling the melt water composition, and especially metal concentrations, are not yet understood. It is, however, well known that high metal concentrations affect aquatic organisms, often causing deformations and changes in species composition. Here we propose to investigate aquatic organisms of different trophic levels, ranging from algae (diatoms) to worms (oligochaetes), insects (chironomids, trichoptera) and fish (char and minnows), in three lakes with permafrost in the catchment. We will obtain short sediment cores in order to capture the historic trends of metal increase and resulting changes in species composition and toxic effects. These sediment analyses will be compared with temperature records spanning the past 220 years and with trends of atmospheric deposition based on measurements, and data from peat bogs and ice cores.

MELTING - Impact of MELTING permafrost and rock glaciers on water quality and aquatic organisms in alpine lakes