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The decompression illness (DCI) is an infrequent event and the exactincidence is still unknown and not uniformly established. The aims of our register isa prospective observational study on recreational diving activities.Materials and Methods: A questionnaire to collect data related to diving experienceand medical characteristics has been administered. When a DCI occurred, data on thesymptoms, physical conditions and of current dive and of the previous 48 hours diveswere registered. At the same time, to obtain a case-control group similar data werecollected about 5 asymptomatic components of the same diving group.Results: Among 6th October 2018 to 9th May 2019, 248 subjects has been registered;the total amount of dives by the 248 subjects was 5,331. A significant datum on theanalysis of cohort is represented by Body Mass Index (BMI) calculation; the meanBMI of studied subjects is above superior limits of normal values; and particularlysignificant is the higher value of BMI in males than females.During the 5,331 dives, 9 DCI events were reported with a rate of 1.6/1,000 dives.Seven of these cases could be classified as type 1 (with cutaneous and muscular involvement)and 2 as type 2 (with neurological symptoms). However, all the eventswere self-limited and regressed in short time.DCI events seem to be predominantly present in male and overweight (BMI > 25)subjects. The DCI cases, showed a deeper dive (even if not statistically significant),had the same length and reported higher perception of fatigue than controls.Conclusions: Our data confirm a low incidence of these events, generally of mildseverity. For these cases a local treatment with oxygen normobaric administration,general support, and hydration obtained a complete resolution of symptoms in a shorttime.Our register has allowed us to collect also data on population engaged in recreationaldiving activity. We emphasize the importance of greater medical control in the subjectswho perform diving activities, particularly in presence of some cardiovascular riskfactors, such as an overweight BMI value.Key words: Diving–decompression illness–Body Mass Index–cardiovascular risk factors

AN OBSERVATIONAL REGISTER ON DECOMPRESSION ILLNESS DURING RECREATIONAL DIVING ACTIVITY IN MALDIVES