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espanolEl analisis del fenomeno de la desercion estudiantil en contextos universitarios resulta complejo por la interaccion de multiples factores sociales, familiares, individuales e institucionales. El proposito del estudio fue describir algunas variables sociodemograficas y motivacionales asociadas a la desercion de estudiantes de primer ingreso de programas de grado en las cohortes del 2011, 2012 y 2013, con estudiantes activos y desertores de una institucion de educacion superior estatal de Costa Rica. Para tal fin, se construyo un instrumento de preguntas cerradas y abiertas, el cual se valido con el juicio de expertos y un grupo focal. Posteriormente, con la tecnica de la encuesta se aplico el instrumento por via WEB y telefonica a una muestra no probabilistica de 519 estudiantes. Entre los resultados de la prueba chi-cuadrada se encontro que la condicion de abandono se asocio con: no matricular la carrera que mas deseaba, el poco interes por estudiar en la carrera en la cual fue admitido y el deseo de estudiar en otra institucion. El principal hallazgo del estudio es que las variables motivacionales son las que mas inciden en el abandono. A partir de estos resultados se recomienda una apropiada induccion vocacional, para reducir las probabilidades de desercion, asi como generar una estrategia para mantener la motivacion durante los dos primeros anos de ingreso a la universidad. EnglishAnalyzing the college dropout phenomenon is complex, given the different social, family, individual and institutional factors that come into play. This study attempts to uncover various sociodemographic and motivational variables associated with the reasons associated with freshman students who dropped out a college. The study is based on a cohort of from 2011, 2012 and 2013, which included both active and those who had dropped out of a State Costa Rican University. A questionnaire was drafted that included both open and close-ended questions. The questionnaire was validated by a group of experts and a focal group. Afterwards, a non-probabilistic sample of 519 students completed an online and phone survey. The results of a chi-square test reveal that dropping out of school was associated with not being able to enroll in a student´s first choice major, lack of interest in the career path the student was admitted to and student desire to attend another college. The main finding in this study is that motivational values have the highest impact on a student´s decision to withdraw from school. Based on the results, we recommend appropriate vocational testing to reduce student probability of dropping out and create a strategy to keep students motivated during their first two years of college.

revista educación

Estudio descriptivo de variables sociodemográficas y motivacionales asociadas a la deserción: la perspectiva de personas universitarias de primer ingreso