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Of the 300 species of orchids recorded in South Australia, over one-third have been listed as vulner- able, rare, or endangered (Barker et al. 2005). While direct habitat loss is likely to be the major cause for reductions in the former ranges of species, indirect consequences of habitat fragmentation may be responsible for the continued decline of many species within remnant fragments. Reduction of genetic diversity (Ellstrand & Elam 1993, Young et al. 1996,), disruption of plant-pollinator interac- tions (Aizen & Feinsinger 1994, Lennartsson 2002) and changes in habitat characteristics (Tremblay 2005) can all influence the population dynamics and hence, persistence of, a species across a land- scape. We are investigating the potential causes of the continued decline of several orchid species within the genus Caladenia occurring within the highly frag- mented landscape of the Mt. Lofty ranges. We have made assessments of pollination and reproductive success across a range of habitat fragments and will relate these to the influences of population size, frag- ment size, isolation, disturbance and local habitat structure. Furthermore, studies over consecutive years will allow us to assess the costs of reproduction and herbivory on future plant fitness. This research provides an insight into processes leading to the decline of some orchid species and hence has impor- tant implications for management and conservation strategies.

Investigation of processes leading to the decline of South Australia’s Caladenia species