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In the tropical Andes, the mountain treeline corresponds to a complex transition zone between paramo forests and paramos. In the lower limit of this ecotone there is a more or less gradual transition between mountain cloud forests and paramo forests. Land planning in these ecosystems has become a highly topical subject given the growing threat for conservation generated by agricultural and mining activities. In this paper we review the research carried out in the Cordillera de Merida (Venezuela) on the changes in vegetation structure, diversity and response to disturbance along the forest-paramo transition zone. The results of these studies document the high species and life form richness which characterize the ecotone vegetation, as well as a high rate of species turnover (beta diversity) along the elevation gradient. Studies on elevation changes in vegetation successional dynamics in plots disturbed by agriculture at different altitudes along the transition zone indicate that forest woody species have a lower capacity to colonize disturbed areas than dominant paramo species, a process that results in forests patches with a paramo physiognomy. On the basis of the available evidence, the structural elements that could be used for delimiting the different ecosystems present along transition zone are discussed, emphasizing the need to design conservation and restoration strategies which interpret the forest-paramo ecotone as a dynamic and integrated system.

ESTRUCTURA, DIVERSIDAD Y DINÁMICA DE LA VEGETACIÓN EN EL ECOTONO BOSQUE-PÁRAMO: REVISIÓN DE LA EVIDENCIA EN LA CORDILLERA DE MÉRIDA