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In the urban areas, pruning of trees is a tool for their care and regular maintenance. Pruning and training trees and shrubs when they are young will help ensure good growth and long-term structural stability. The purposes of pruning young trees are correction of the growth defects and stable structure of their crown. In adult trees, pruning is used to enhance their operational safety – mechanical and biological stability. The pruning techniques differ in the way the target branch and its apical portion are managed. A reduction cut reduces the length of a branch or stem back to live lateral branch of a sufficient size (at least one third to one half of the diameter of the removed portion) and should assume the apical role for the remaining branch (Harris et al., 2004; Gilman, 2012). A heading (topping) cut reduces the length of stem or branch without regard to the position or diameter of nearby lateral branches. A removal cut removes a branch at its attachment to a trunk or a parent branch. Responses of trees to the various pruning cuts are different. A type of pruning can induce massive sprouting, changed crown density or susceptibility of trees to storm damage, susceptibility to sun injury or stem decay and cracks (Gilman, 2012). The pruning methods and pruning techniques of urban trees and trees in open landscape applied for their regular maintenance in the Slovak Republic are defined in the arborist union standard “Pruning of Trees” (Paganová et al., 2015). PRUNING URBAN TREES – TYPE AND QUALITY ACCORDING TO ARBORIST UNION STANDARDS

Pruning Urban Trees - Type and Quality According to Arborist Union Standards