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In this paper, experiments were conducted to study the electrical I-V characteristics of the polymer Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC)resistor as a function of joule heating due to I2R. More than 80short-circuit tests were carried out on four samples (rated 60V/40A), and the results show that all PTC samples tripped when the thresholdinput energy nearly equaled 20 J. We propose a new mathematical modelfor the PTC in the fault current condition, a PTC-TACS (Transient Analysis of Control Systems) model, by using the Electro-Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP), which is a function of the input joule heatingenergy. A comparison between the experimental results and EMTPsimulation results has shown that the PTC-TACS model is valid and veryeffective to investigate the PTC under fault current conditions inelectrical circuits and to design an over-current limiter based on PTCmaterials for industrial applications. In the discussion about radiationpower loss in case that the applied voltage is greater than 50V or thetripped time is less than 4ms, it is shown that the radiation powerloss can be neglected and the PTC resistance can be expressed only bythe input joule heating energy.

Measurements and Electrical Equivalent Model of Polymer PTC as a Function of Joule Heating Energy