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To quantify the neural dynamics of the brain responsible for gustatory recognition and discrimination, fractal dimensions (FDs) of electroencephalograms (EEGs), which were measured under resting and three gustatory stimulation states, were investigated. The seven normal subjects, aged 21–30 years old, sat on a chair with the chin resting on a frame made of plaster bandage and eyes closed. Distilled water (DW), high concentrated taste (HCT) solutions (300 mM NaCl, 1 mM quinine-HCl, 40 mM acetic acid and 500 mM sucrose) and low concentrated taste (LCT) solutions (51 mM NaCl, 0.026 mM quinine-HCl, 3 mM acetic acid and 14 mM sucrose) were randomly delivered to the anterior region of the tongue which was protruded slightly out of the mouth. EEGs were recorded from C3, Cz,C4, T3, T4, T5 and T6 on the scalp electrods with linked-earlobe reference. Each EEG was measured during 2048 ms after an ifrared ray sensor detected the outflow of taste solution. The sampling interval was set to 2 ms. For calculating FDs, Takens’s embedding method and Grassberger-Procaccia’s correlation integral method were applied. Fig. 1 shows representative examples of attractors embedded into the 2-d phase space. As compared with the attractor in the resting or in the DW stimulation state, it was observed that the attractors in the HCT stimulation state were drawn with small spreading and simple locus, while those in the LCT stimulation state were drawn with large spreading and complicated locus. FDs of EEGs from Cz in the resting and in the DW stimulation state were 5.43±1.01 and 4.94±1.03, respectively. FDs in the HCT stimulation state were 3.47±0.86 (300 mM NaCl), 4.52±1.00 (1 mM quinine-HCl), 4.28±1.12 (40 mM acetic acid) and 4.47±1.02 (500 mM sucrose), respectively. The grand mean, 4.20±1.08, was significantly decreased as compared with that in the resting (P < 0.001). While, FDs in the LCT stimulation state were 5.57±1.06 (51 mM NaCl), 5.81±0.98 (0.026 mM quinine-HCl), 5.72±1.05 (3 mM acetic acid) and 5.96±0.99 (14 mM sucrose), respectively. The grand mean, 5.77±1.02, was significantly increased as compared with that in HCT stimulation state (P < 0.001). These results suggest that information processing in brain is relatively simple when subjects can easily recognize the taste quality of the applied taste solutions.

Fractal Dimension Analysis of Gustatory Electroencephalograms in Humans