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The article presents the results of multiple surveys of habitats of rare plant species in the Marmarosh Mts, Ukrainian Carpathians, and depicts their exact location and population parameters. Along with the analysis of earlier literature and herbarium data, this enabled to reveal some spatio-temporal patterns in their distribution, namely habitat characteristics and trends in population dynamics, which allowed to determine their conservation status. Numerous facts of decline and extinction, as well as examples of positive dynamics in populations of the studied species were described. Cold-dependent species (Cerastium cerastoides, Primula minima, Veronica bellidioides) proved to be vulnerable to climate change particularly at the lower limit of their distribution. Another factor of impact is decrease of grazing, which triggers vegetation succession and consequent replacement of some low-competitive rare plants (Genista tinctoria subsp. oligosperma, Koeleria macrantha subsp. transsilvanica) with shrubs or tussock graminoids. However, another group of rare species (Heracleum sphondylium subsp. transsilvanicum, Gentiana punctata, Jovibarba globifera subsp. preissiana, Veronica fruticans) benefits from the decrease of anthropogenic impact.

Distribution and population status of rare plant species in the Marmarosh Mountains (Ukrainian Carpathians)