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Despite the fact that Ilya Mechnikov was a zoologist, his contribution to the development of medicine is invaluable. The article reveals the details of the biography of this scientist, indicating the fact that his path to medicine was not accidental and began even earlier than his passion for zoology. Also, the article concerns the problem of the role of the Kharkiv University in the formation of Mechnikov as a scientist. Despite the wellknown assertion that this great scientist was self-taught and paved his own way to success in science, for he did not have sufficient resources to show his talents at a provincial university, the authors come to the conclusion that the biographies of Mechnikov’s contemporaries in Kharkiv demonstrate the opposite. Namely, that there were enough resources for young scientists at the Kharkiv University to fulfill their scientific ambitions, however, a series of certain circumstances did not allow the young Mechnikov to take full advantage of all opportunities he could have had in Kharkiv.

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov and the Faculty of Medicine of Kharkiv University.