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It has been found that tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol transforms into δ-valerolactone over Сu/ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst at 270–280 °С. δ-Valerolactone can be used for obtaining biodegradable polyesters and copolymers. Proposed Сu/ZnAl-1 catalyst containing 40 wt. % of CuO provides 40–50 % alcohol conversion with 80–85 % lactone selectivity under hydrogen flow at 0.1 MPa. The reaction pathway from tetrahydrofurfurol to δ-valerolactone has been proposed: it is speculated that alcohol is initially dehydrogenated into tetrahydrofurfural, which rearranges to lactone. Vapor-phase amidation of δ-valerolactone with ammonia into δ-valerolactam, as raw material for obtaining polyamide nylon-5, was also investigated. It has been shown that among studied Cu-containing oxides Сu/ZnAl-1 catalyst provides higher 80 % δ-valerolactam selectivity at 90 % lactone conversion at 280 °С under ammonia, hydrogen and steam flow with strictly certain molar ratio. The process proceeds via disclosure of lactone cycle with intermediate 5-hydroxypentamide formation.

One-pot synthesis of δ-valerolactone from tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and δ-valerolactone amidation over Сu/ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst