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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a genetic basis, affecting between 15%-30% of children and 2%-10% of adults [1]. This skin condition can result in an uncontrolled inflammatory cascade causing scaling, itching and redness. Typically, the skin presents dryness or xerosis due to cutaneous barrier dysfunction and usually is accompanied by pruritus and scratching, favouring the penetration of allergens and infections [2-4]. The skin barrier function not only acts as a physical protection against the external environment, but also as a biochemical and immunological barrier [5]. Keratinocytes are protein-enriched cells, linked together by desmosomes, which undergo a differentiation process as they migrate from the basal layer to the stratum corneum, transforming into corneocytes without nucleus immersed in lipid-enriched intercellular space [6]. Keratinocytes express a large number of specific proteins, including filaggrin and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) [2]. This corneal layer provides mechanical strength and epidermal ability to neutralize some reactive oxygen species, absorb UV-B radiation, prevent the infiltration of allergens and microorganisms and limit water and electrolyte loss [7]. Many atopic skins have genetic defects that affect filaggrin and caspase, which are both involved in stratum corneum formation and the integrity of the cutaneous barrier. Filaggrin is an epidermal protein that is crucial to the formation of the corneocyte and the generation of intracellular metabolites its reduction or absence due to genetic mutations can lead to the development of AD and other skin disorders such as ichthyosis [8,9]. Caspase is a proteolytic enzyme essential to the maturation of the epidermis and formation of the stratum corneum. Its absence, dysfunction or reduced expression due presence of citokines causes alterations in the skin barrier function with the increase of TEWL [10-12]. In addition, AD affected skins Volume 5 Issue 6 2017

Bacterial Derivatives of Lactococcus lactis and Ectoin for Atopic Dermatitis: Dermal Compatibility and Cosmetic Acceptability