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Recently, astrophysicists have paid a special attention to such observational events in space as supernova, gamma-ray bursts (GRB), bursters, processes in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), quasars, etc. They are considered to emerge due to catastrophic processes in space, as a result of which a compact region forms, wherefrom a powerful electro-magnetic radiation emits, and fluxes of various energetic particles eject. We assume that the latter are cosmic rays (CRs). In this paper, I focus on the quasi-spherical region produced at the catastrophe site. This region is a source of relativistic and ultrarelativistic particles. This region existence time is determined by the processes occurring inside that may be either short-, or long-term. For example, to elucidate the formation of pulsing GRB,1 the popular fireball model Piran2 is used. This model presupposes that there forms a compact ball (with the initial size of about 100 km) expanding at a relativistic velocity and comprising the quanta locked in it and electron-positron pairs. At an instant, quanta dramatically leave the ball thus forming a short gamma burst. Further, charged relativistic particles eject. They are accelerated in shocks (inner and outer) produced as a result of the ball shell “bloating” in a plasma medium at a near-light velocity, and of fast motion of substance in the ball.

Possible model of forming relativistic jets and disks in astrophysical objects