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Neonatal infections including sepsis, pneumonia, tetanus, and diarrhea are among the leading causes of neonatal mortality worldwide. We performed a retrospective analysis of neonatal infections referred to the only tertiary referral Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Kosovo from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. Of 1426 admissions, 702 (49.2%) were diagnosed with an infection. Proven or probable sepsis occurred in 107 patients, with 63.6% classified as early onset. Early onset sepsis cases were treated with an average of 4.37 antibiotics with 94.3% receiving vancomycin and 88.57% receiving carbapenem. No antibiotic sensitivity data was available at the time of data collection and the reasons for these prescribing practices which clearly deviate from standards in the United States are unclear. In conclusion, neonate sepsis rates continue to be high NICU patients in Kosovo. Further investigations and quality improvement initiatives need to be done to address antibiotic resistance patterns and antibiotic stewardship.

The bacterial profile of neonatal sepsis and antibiotic use in the tertiary care NICU of Kosovo