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This paper deals with how best the underutilized resource of treated sewage water can be utilized productively for nearby hillside irrigation with drip irrigation avoiding environmental degradation. Design analysis was performed to adopt the offset and split manifold designs for drip irrigation system in different land slopes to achieve better uniformity of application. For land with slopes of 5, 8, 10 and 12 percent, the offset manifold design is recommended for having uniform manifold diameter. Split manifold design is feasible up to 5 percent land slope with manifold mainline junction at the centre and beyond this slope the junction should be located other than midpoint. Rainfall analysis, crop water demand and sewage water availability reveal exciting opportunities for water productivity enhancements in rainfed agriculture by integrating components of water management within the context of rainfed farming through sewage water harvesting and supplemental irrigation for dry spell mitigation.

advances in plants and agriculture research

Adoption of Offset Manifold Design in Hillside Drip Irrigation System Using Treated Sewage Water – The Case of Hawassa University Main Campus, Ethiopia