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To control space objects in high altitude, a number of propulsive systems are frequently used. The thrust level of these engines is usually small. They may cause a number of harmful effects which reduce the operational lifetime of the spacecrafts significantly. Despite the fact that the firing times of these thrusters are usually a few seconds, they are fired repeatedly for many years. This may leads to the contamination from the plume on sensitive surfaces of spacecrafts.1 The assessment of the interaction between the plume and the spacecraft demands an accurate description of the expanding flowfield of plume flow and its interaction with different surfaces. Also, due to these repeated expansion of plume flows for a few seconds, understanding of the unsteady expansion of this flow regime is consequential.

Unsteady simulation of axisymmetric plume expansion into vacuum and its interactions with a rigid body with hybrid particle-continuum approach