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In this paper we present a simple treatment in terms of physics of trajectories suitable for a space probe, which is an automatic or manned module with scientific instruments launched from a station circularly orbiting the Earth or some other planet. The module is to approach the surface of the planet in order to explore it or to perform more detailed imaging of a planet’s surface from a low altitude. Then the module, with the scientific information it has collected, is to return to the orbital station and gently dock to it. Or, as another assignment, the space probe is to investigate far off space regions. In either case, its orbit must satisfy special requirements so that a rendezvous of the probe with the station be possible after the probe has completed its mission. Our aim is to show with the help of rather modest mathematical means that orbits suitable for space probes are actually possible, and how such orbits can be realized. Examples of probe’s motions relative to the planet and relative to the host orbital station are illustrated by a simulation program accompanying the paper.

Simulations of space probes and their motions relative to the host orbital station