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In 1956, Campbell and Robson1) developed a high resolution optometer which made it possible to measure changes in refractory power objectively using reflected light from the fundus of the eye. It was a revolutionary development, but there were limitations, as, for example, the subject had to see the target monocularly through a hole of an instrument.2) In the present study, we at tempted to measure the accommodation and pupillary response with a newly developed device as a means to measure these factors in both binocular and natural viewing conditions. We compared the results with the values of the sub jective amplitude of accommodation obtained from the near point distance. Methods. Figure 1 shows the newly developed measuring system. (1) The changes in accom modation are measured and recorded in terms of target translation. (2) Changes in pupil size are measured and recorded. (3) The system devel oped for the present experiments was devised in order to measure accommodation and pupillary response under binocular and natural viewing conditions. A schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 2. The motor can move the target vertically at a speed equivalent to 0.5cm per s, and the target is made visible to both eyes through a half-mirror. Twenty-seven subjects of various ages were chosen for the study and the following measure ments were carried out: (1) measurement of the changes in accommodation occurring with move ment of the target under binocular and natural viewing conditions and (2) measurement of the changes in pupil size as a means to evaluate the pupillary response and measurement of near point Fig. 1. New measuring system.

A newly developed device to measure objective amplitude of accommodation and pupillary response in both binocular and natural viewing conditions.