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Creation of F1 heterosis hybrids instead of population varieties is an advanced breeding technology since XX century. The rye as a strictly cross-pollinated culture is rather perspective for heterotic breeding. The success depends on the use of rye homozygous lines with high combining ability. The topcrossing allows effective estimates of the best genotypes to be used in synthesis of high heterotic hybrids. This paper is the first characterization of the authors' winter rye unique high-homozygous inbred lines, which are based on three Russian gene pools, with high combining ability intended for breeding programs. The purpose of our researches was to estimate by topcrossing method the general and specific combining ability of winter rye inbred lines. Test crossings in 2016 involved five sterile lines with type Pampas cytoplasm (Н-649, Н-577, Н-842, Н-1058, and Н-1185), and four male fertile lines (Н-451, Н-1011, Н-1247, and Н-1071) as testers. In total, 20 simple F1 interlinear hybrids were selected. In 2017, the hybrids were studied in plot tests (8 m2 plots, 3 replications, and 500 grains per 1 m2). F1 hybrid yields varied from 5.02 up to 7.90 t/ha vs. 6.50 t/ha yield of population variety Valdai. The highest yield had F1 (Н-649 1⁄2 Н-1011, i.e. 7.9 t/ha that is 21.5 % higher compared to the standard Valdai variety. As a whole, the frequency of F1 hybrids with high competitive heterosis is 7 of 20 (or 35%). Variation of F1 productivity is mainly due to different combining ability of their parents. Note, both general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) contribute to a dispersion of productivity trait, thought GCA effects account to 91.1% while SCA only 7.7%. Thence, additive gene effects but not intralocus dominance are the basic genotypic components of productivity trait variance. The obtained GCA/SCA values specify on high enough genetic divergence of the inbred lines used. Sterile analogues of lines Н-1185 and Н-649, and also of paternal line-tester Н-1011 possess high GCA effects. The dwarf lines Н-577 and Н-1071 show lower general combining ability. High SCA effects are characteristic of the sterile lines Н-1058 and Н649, and also the testers Н-1071 and Н-451. It was revealed that GCA of the used rye lines positively correlates with plant height (r = 0.85±0.10), 1000-grain weight (r = 0.80±0.13) and grain weight per ear (r = 0.64±0.21). These data emphasize the importance of inbred lines’ selection for high own performance and combining of high 1000-grain weight and a dwarfism.

SELECTION OF WINTER RYE (Secale cereale L.) INBRED LINES FOR GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH VALUABLE TRAIT