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Lodging is one of the main causes of rice crop loss due to adverse effects on photosynthesis and plant productivity. Plant bend hinders illumination and makes it difficult for the plastic substances to flow out of the stem and leaves to the panicle. This worsens grain filling, technological and sowing qualities. Lodging restricts potential productivity of rice varieties. The resistance of a variety to lodging depends on its genotype, the strength of the stem tissues, and the growing conditions. Insufficient stability of rice plant stems occurs when the crops are thickened or subjected to high nitrogen supply, deep water in the rice field, increasing dynamic loads due to sprouting, wind, rain, dew and diseases. The objective of this study was to determine morphophysiological traits causing resistance to lodging of rice (Oryza sativa L.) intensive and extensive varieties with a focus on th use of laboratory method for express estimates of lodging resistance. The studied Russian rice varieties were Rapan, Vizit, Gamma of intensive type and Sonata and Atlant of extensive type. Plants grew in concrete micro-check plots filled with soil from rice check plots in which rice irrigation mode was the same as in field conditions. The fertilizers, as ammonium sulphate, superphosphate and potassium chloride, were applied at N24P12K12 and N36P18K18 dosages. The study showed that during tillering to booting of intensive varieties Rapan, Vizit, Gamma, photosynthesis assimilates are more used for the formation of generative organs and less vegetative, resulting in high productivity of panicle, but less lodging resistance. Varieties of extensive types, Sonata and Atlant, during tillering— booting period use more for stem formation and less for panicle productivity elements formation. This leads to a decrease in panicle productivity and yield, while the resistance of sowings to lodging increases due to higher strength of the lower internodes. To quantitate lodging resistance of rice varieties, we measured mechanical resistance of lower part of stem, including the first and the second culm internode, to bend. This index averages 56-63 g for the intensive varieties, 66-80 g for extensive varieties 66-80 g, and correlates with lodging rate of tested genotypes under field conditions at r = 0.99 (p  0.050). The increase in cellulose content per unit stem length and lower internodes resistance are the main traits for reducing the lodging of rice plants.

THE TRAITS DETERMINING PLANT LODGING AND ASSESSMENT OF LODGING RESISTANCE IN INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE RUSSIAN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES