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This review refers to analysis of the modern data about the role of auxins in the regulation of nitrogen-fixing nodule development in the legume plants. The interaction of these hormones with cytokinins and components of signaling cascade activated by Nod factors during nodule organogenesis in legume plants with different types of nodules are discussed. Emphasis is being given to the participation of auxins in the control of initiation and early stages of nodule development. In early works the analysis of transgenic plants containing the fusions between promoters regulated by auxins and reporter genes, showed the accumulation of auxins in the places of nodule primordia development. It indicates a direct effect of these plant hormones on the process (U. Mathesius et al., 1998; C. Pacios-Bras et al., 2003). These studies became the basis for the suggestion that the auxin maximus in the cells giving later nodule primordia precedes these organs appearance. The creation of such peaks is dependent on Nod factors and cytokine response activation in plants, but it is differently regulated in legumes with determined (regulation of auxin biosynthesis) and non-determinated (control of auxin transport with flavonoids) type of nodules (A.P. Wasson et al., 2006; J. Plet et al., 2011; T. Suzaki et al., 2012). The effect of cytokinins on the auxin transport (auxin transporters PINs) during the formation of nodules has much in common with the participation of cytokinins in the control of lateral root development program, which may indicate an evolutionary relationship of two morphogenetic programs. In legume nodules and lateral roots development programs the initial stages have much in common, since both structures are formed as a result of the reactivation of differentiated root cells and have the features of structural similarity. However further divergence leads to the formation of structurally and functionally distinct organs that can be associated with unequal role that cytokinins and auxins play in controlling these processes. The review also examined the role of the balance of auxin and cytokinin hormones in determining the program of development of root cells. We discuss the experimental data using exogenous hormones, which showed that the foundercells, giving rise to lateral roots, characterized by high plasticity of development processes, determined by the balance of auxins and cytokinins (L. Laplaze et al., 2007; Chatfield et al., 2013). However, an analysis of the data leads to the conclusion that the role of auxin in the control later stages nodulation in legumes is little investigated.

ROLE OF PHYTOHORMONES IN THE CONTROL OF SYMBIOTIC NODULE DEVELOPMENT IN LEGUME PLANTS. II. AUXINS (review)