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The paper argues for three things. First, that the abstract concepts of ancient Greek and modern mathematics are fundamentally different. The general treatment of mathematical things in ancient Greek mathematics manifestly does not presuppose a general mathematical object, while in modern mathematics the generality of the method presupposes precisely such a general mathematical object. Two, that this difference in abstract concepts of mathematics makes a difference in our understanding of a discipline other than mathematics, specifically, in the discipline of history. And, three, that what is at issue in this difference is whether it is necessary for human beings to understand themselves from the perspective of history in order to understand themselves properly as human. Keywords: mathematical objects, concept of number, history, self-consciousness. Vienumas antikos ir naujųjų laikų filosofijoje ir visuotinės istorijos hipotezė Burt C. Hopkins Santrauka Siame straipsnyje ginamos trys tezės. Pirma, kad abstrakcios antikos ir naujųjų laikų matematikos sąvokos yra fundamentaliai skirtingos. Bendras matematinių dalykų traktavimas antikos matematikoje akivaizdžiai nesuponuoja tokios matematinio objekto sąvokos, kokią numato naujųjų laikų matematikos metodas. Antra, sis abstrakcių matematikos sąvokų skirtingumas turi įtakos kitos, nematematinės disciplinos, o būtent – istorijos, supratimui. Trecia, sio skirtumo esminis aspektas yra klausimas, ar saves kaip žmogaus suvokimui būtina suprasti save is istorijos perspektyvos. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: matematiniai objektai, skaiciaus sąvoka, istorija, savimonė.

UNITY IN ANCIENT AND MODERN PHILOSOPHY AND THE HYPOTHESIS OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY