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The aim of this study was to examine the changes in autonomic control of the heart associated with classical appetitive conditioning in rats. We trained rats to learn that a movement into a test chamber was followed by delivery of reward (contextual conditioning) and performed power spectral analysis of heart rate variability from electrocardiograms recorded using the telemetry system. We investigated the sympathovagal balance of autonomic regulation of the heart in response to not only the conditioned stimulus (the movement into the test chamber), but also the unconditioned stimulus (reward), and compared the results of these two kinds of emotional states; it might be considered that "the reward-expecting state" is evoked by the conditioned stimulus and "the reward-receiving state" is evoked by the unconditioned stimulus in rats. The reward-expecting state resulted in a significant increase in both low frequency (LF) power and high frequency (HF) power with no change in heart rate (HR) and LF/HF ratio, indicating that both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity increased with no change in sympathovagal balance. The reward-receiving state resulted in a significant increase in HR and a significant decrease in LF power, HF power, and LF/HF ratio, indicating that both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity decreased with predominance in the parasympathetic activity. These results suggest that the method performed in our present study might be useful for distinguishing between two different emotional states evoked by classical appetitive conditioning in rats.

Changes in Autonomic Control of Heart Associated with Classical Appetitive Conditioning in Rats