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The effects of temperature, reaction time, biomass/water feedstock ratio, NaOH concentration, and ZSM-5 catalyst amount were investigated relative to the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sugarcane bagasse. The experimental results showed that the maximum yield of bio-oil (46.9%) was achieved with the following conditions: 10 g of sugarcane bagasse, 200 mL of distilled water, 30 min, and 285 °C. It was seen that the products of oxygenation (phenols, acids, ketones, alkenes, and esters) were abundant in the bio-oil. With the addition of NaOH, the residue yield decreased remarkably, and the yield of organics dissolved increased. The yields of acids and furfurals in the bio-oil decreased with the presence of NaOH during HTL. Additionally, ZSM-5 effectively decreased the acidic compounds and improved the liquid properties during HTL. Sugarcane bagasse in HTL with catalysts significantly improved the quality of bio-oil with lower oxygen content and higher HHV. Moreover, the gaseous products H2 and CH4 were noticeably affected by the temperature, NaOH concentration, and ZSM-5 amount.

The Effect of Different Catalysts and Process Parameters on the Chemical Content of Bio-oils from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Sugarcane Bagasse