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The hydrothermal treatment of bamboo was carried out to investigate the effects of different temperatures (230 °C, 260 °C) and residence times (30 min, 60 min) on the combustion behaviors and properties of hydrochar. The higher heating value (HHV) increased gradually with increasing hydrothermal temperature and residence time, while the energy yield decreased. It was found that 260 °C and 30 min with a HHV of 22.8 MJ/kg and an energy yield of 57.8% were appropriate parameters for the production of hydrochar. The atomic oxygen/carbon ratio indicated that the upgrading process converted the bamboo into fuel that was similar to clean solid fuel with a high energy density. The thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the temperature and the residence time had noticeable impacts on the combustion behavior and the activation energy of hydrochar. The combustion reaction ability and rate were greatly improved when the hydrochar was prepared at temperatures greater than 200 °C. The activated energy value was determined by the model-free methods, of which Kissinger-Akahira- Sunose (KAS), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) were the most appropriate for this purpose and resulted in similar values.

Determination of Combustion Kinetic Parameters and Fuel Properties of Hydrochar Prepared from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Bamboo