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The aim of this study was to examine characteristics of the deep squatting posture in Japanese children and to investigate the relationship of this posture between their lifestyles and exercise habits. The subjects were 68 elementary school Japanese children, 36 boys and 32 girls who were 6–12 years old. The deep squatting posture was observed using two tasks: a free task was examined by observing the posture selected for drawing a picture on the floor, and an instructed task was examined by asking each child to attempt to assume this posture with both feet flat on the floor. Information on lifestyle (e.g., the Japanese-style or the Western-style of toilet sitting type, style of bed) and exercise habits was obtained by questionnaire from the parents. Additionally, mobility was assessed by measuring dorsiflexion of the ankles and trunk flexion in the long sitting posture. Almost 60% of the subjects selected the deep squatting posture in the free task, and a little over than 70% were able to properly perform deep squatting in the instructed task. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that style of bed (adjusted odds ratio: 3.7 with 95% CI of 1.2–11.5, p < 0.05) and grade in elementary school (adjusted odds ratio: 5.2 with 95% CI of 1.4–18.9, p < 0.01) were both related to choosing the deep squatting postures. Specific exercise habits (adjusted odds ratio: 9.2 with 95% CI of 1.8–47.7, p < 0.01) were associated with properly performing the deep squatting. Sex and mobility were not significantly related to deep squatting postures in these Japanese children. Lifestyle and exercise habits thus appear to influence their adoption the deep squatting postures as one of the various postures that they assume.

Influence of lifestyle and exercise habits on the deep squatting posture in Japanese children