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The risk of cardiogenic cerebral infarction is quanti ed by the CHA2DS2VASc score in patients with atrial brillation, with female gender shown to be one of the risk factors. However, the relationships between gender and blood coagulation markers have not been investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between gender and the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems. In the present study, 1025 patients(517 females[F group], 508 males[M group])who visited the outpatient clinic and had markers of the brinolytic and coagulation systems measured at the Division of Cardiology of Showa University Hospital from June 2011 to June 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Thrombomodulin(TM), prothrombin fragment 1+2(PTF 1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT), plasmin-α2-plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC), and D-dimer levels were analyzed. Furthermore, patients without diabetes mellitus and vascular disease were divided into two groups according to age : a younger(Y)group(< 75 years)and an elderly(E)group(≥ 75 years). In the Y group, TM levels were signi cantly lower in the F than M group(P< 0.0001), but in the E group there was no signi cant difference in TM levels between these two groups. PTF 1+2 levels were signi cantly higher in the F group for each age group(Y group, P= 0.0426 ; E group, P= 0.0214). In the Y group, PIC levels were signi cantly higher in the F than M group(P= 0.0015), but there was no difference in PIC levels between the F and M groups in the E group. Thus, in the F group, vascular endothelial dysfunction progressed in the E group. These observations suggest that the coagulation system is relatively accelerated, without any acceleration in the brinolytic system, in the F group with aging. The present study has shown that, in outpatients of a cardiovascular department, gender is a signi cant factor affecting blood coagulation systems.

Gender Is a Significant Factor Affecting Blood Coagulation Systems