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Assessing Rodent Species Counts and Diversity in the Not-Grazed Montana De Oro State Park and the Rotationally Grazed Pecho Ranch Nancy Marie Lemos The available data examining the influence of rotational grazing on rodent responses are limited. This study investigated how rotational livestock grazing practices influence small mammal rodent abundances and species diversity. We looked for evidence of variation in the occurrence and/or numbers of certain rodent species among three plant community types (grassland, shrubland, grass-shrub mix), managed with or without grazing. We used Sherman live traps over a total of eight trapping sessions. We totaled 486 trapnights for each of the six plant community and grazing management combinations. The three plant community types were identified by visual cover. Out of the eight different species we captured, only Peromyscus maniculatus (North American deermouse) and Reithrodontomys megalotis (western harvest mouse) had sufficient captures to be analyzed for differences in abundance. Using all eight species to calculate the Shannon’s diversity index for each plot, we found evidence that rodent species diversity is less in grassland habitats than in shrubland habitats or grassland/shrubland mixed habitats (p<0.001). We observed that the North American deermouse was most common in the not-grazed shrub habitat (p<0.05). The North American deermouse preferred the not-grazed grassland habitat to the grazed grassland habitat, and the not-grazed shrub habitat to the grazed shrub habitat. The North American deermouse was more prevalent in the grazed grassland/shrubland mixed habitats than the not-grazed mixed habitat. The western harvest mouse preferred the not-grazed grassland habitat to the grazed grassland habitat. Based on our results, the current rotational livestock grazing practices do not influence biological diversity, so no management adjustments are needed. The North American deermouse abundance would benefit from not-grazing management in a grassland community or in a shrubland community, but would benefit from rotationally grazing management in a mixed grassland/shrubland habitat. From a management perspective, the western harvest mouse would benefit from not-grazing in a grassland community, but appears unaffected by grazing in the shrubland and mixed communities.