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A poroelastic finite element model of a heterogeneous articular cartilage disc was created to examine the tissue response to low amplitude (± 2% strain), low frequency (0.1 Hz) dynamic unconfined compression (UCC). A strong correlation has been made between the relative fluid velocity and stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis. A contour plot of the model shows the relative fluid velocity during compression exceeds a trigger value of 0.25 μm/s at the radial periphery. Dynamic UCC biochemical results have also reported a higher glycosaminoglycan content in this region versus that of day 0 specimens. Fluid velocity was also found not to be the dominant physical mechanism that stimulates collagen synthesis; the heterogeneity of the fluid velocity contour plot conflicts with the homogeneous collagen content from the biochemical results. It was also found that a Tresca (shear) stress trigger of 0.07 MPa could provide minor stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis. A feasibility study on modeling a heterogeneous disc was conducted and found convergence issues with the jump in properties from the superficial to middle layers of the disc. It is believed that the superficial layer contains material properties that allow the tissue to absorb much of the compressive strain, which in turn increases pressure and causes convergence issues in ABAQUS. The findings in this thesis may help guide the development of a growth and remodeling routine for articular cartilage. v Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been completed without the help and guidance of many individuals who have provided valuable knowledge and support for this project. I'd like to first and foremost thank my thesis committee. My committee chair Dr. Stephen Klisch and committee member Dr. Scott Hazelwood have provided me with their indispensible knowledge about the mechanics of articular cartilage and modeling in ABAQUS. It has been an honor working with such great individuals who have encouraged me throughout my career at Cal Poly. I would also like to extend my appreciation to my committee member Dr. Peter Schuster, who has challenged me with learning finite element analysis as well as providing help with stubborn convergence issues in ABAQUS. Much of the analyses could not have been completed without the help from the other students of the Cal Poly Cartilage Biomechanics Group. I would like to most importantly express my gratitude to Mike Stender who has provided his all mighty UMAT for my analyses. Mike has also given me inspiration to work through …

Poroelastic Finite Element Analysis of a Heterogeneous Articular Cartilage Explant Under Dynamic Compression in ABAQUS