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This article sets out to demonstrate that considering Islamophobia as a form of racism prevents us from fully grasping the complexity of this phenomenon. The author contends that there are different types of Islamophobia and while some are racist, others are not. To argue this point, he draws on a conflict that was sparked within a Spanish extreme right party revolving around two different conceptions of the human being and society, one rooted in the volkisch tradition and the other in the Catholic tradition. By analyzing the only book the leader of that party wrote, we see how these two conceptions engendered two different types of Islamophobia: one volkisch, the other Catholic. Both share the same vision of Islam as a vital "threat" to the "West", but they differ in their understanding of the foundations of the Muslim and European identities: racist versus religious perspectives.Keywords Islamophobia, racism, Muslims, extreme right, religionResumenEn este articulo se trata de demostrar que considerar que la islamofobia es una forma de racismo impide comprender la complejidad del fenomeno. Se defiende que existen diferentes tipos de islamofobia y que algunos de ellos son racistas, pero que otros no lo son. Para ello, se mostrara que en el seno de un partido espanol de extrema derecha se produjo un conflicto entre dos concepciones diferentes del ser humano y de la sociedad, una procedente de la tradicion volkisch y otra procedente de la tradicion catolica. Gracias al analisis del unico libro que publico el lider del partido, veremos que de esas dos concepciones se derivaban dos tipos diferentes de islamofobia: una volkisch y otra catolica. Ambas compartian una misma vision del islam como una "amenaza" vital para "Occidente", pero diferian en cuanto a como entendian los fundamentos de la identidad musulmana y europea: una a partir de presupuestos raciales, la otra a partir de presupuestos religiosos.Palabras clave: islamofobia; racismo; musulmanes; extrema derecha; religion.

Völkisch vs. Catholic Islamophobia in Spain: the Conflict between Racial and Religious Understandings of Muslim Identity