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To clarify whether inflammation is a cause or consequence of atrial fibrillation (AF), we measured high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) before and after pharmacological cardioversion in 15 patients with paroxysmal AF. Levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-alpha after cardioversion were significantly higher than those in controls (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of these indices did not differ significantly even at 24 hours and 2 weeks after cardioversion. These results suggest that inflammation is a causative agent of paroxymal AF.

C-reactive Protein and Atrial Fibrillation Is inflammation a consequence or a cause of atrial fibrillation?