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EASUREMENTS of the form, diameter, and volume of the heart and great vessels, of the thickness of the cardiac or vascular wall and of the fluctuation of the intracardiac structures during a cardiac pulsation in a living human subject are of great significance for the accurate diagnosis of heart diseases as well as for the study of cardiovascular physiology. Thus, several clinical methods have been developed, such as angiocardiography, cardiac catheterization, electrokymography and so forth. However, these methods are not always adequate for measuring the fluctuations of the cardiac structures for the following reasons: 1) Since the heart and great vessels consist of soft tissue, roentgenographic methods often give insufficient information concerning the functions and structure of these organs. 2) The duration of the examination is limited to only a very short time. 3) These methods are often uncomfortable for the patient and require physician's experience. 4) They cannot be repeated frequently for follow-up studies. Hence the present authors have tried to use the ultrasonic reflection technique by means of pulsed ultrasound to visualize the intracardiac structure and other mediastinal organs. Methods using pulsed ultrasound, by which a cross sectional pattern of the heart and great vessels in living human subjects can be obtained, have been investigated.1)-7) In the ultrasonic heart-tomography, the Plan-Position-Indication (hereafter it will be called as PPI) scanning method from the inside of the esophagus2),4),7) and the Compound or PPI-Sector scanning method on the anterior chest surface3),6) have been applied. The authors succeeded in obtaining cross

The Ultrasono-tomography for the Heart and Great Vessels in Living Human Subjects by Means of the Ultrasonic Reflection Technique