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The F waves in the electrocardiogram (ECG) of a patient with common type of atrial flutter were considered as random signals. Simultaneously recorded ECGs from several points on the chest wall were regarded as multiple time series. The number and location of the F wave generators and the direction of circus movement were estimated or determined by applying principal component analysis of the spectral matrix. Further, the multiple and partial coherences between the F waves of simultaneous ECGs were calculated and the following conclusions were obtained: 1. The number of generators for the F waves was one and this generator was assumed to be located somewhere in the right atrium. The differences in the shapes of the F waves recorded on the body surface were due merely to the differences of recording locations. On the other hand, the F waves could be satisfactorily explained by the optimum linear combination of the other leads as indicated from the values of the multiple coherences, which led also to the conclusion of the existence of one generator. 2. The F wave generator propagates a unidirectional circulating excitation wave which progresses in the left atrium in a caudo-cranial direction and in the right in a cranio-caudal direction, but does not send out impulses radially in all directions as suggested by conventional ectopic focus hypothesis. Therefore, atrial fl utter in man could be assumed to be initiated and possibly maintained by one ectopic focus (generator for the F waves) but perpetuation of this arrhythmia by circus movement could not be decisively demonstrated in the present context. 3. Mathematical treatment on the multiple time series which have various phase differences depending upon the recording locations and are often encountered in biology and medicine was succinctly explained. 4. The present study is a sort of inverse

A Study on The Genesis of "F" Waves of Atrial Flutter in Man Considered as Multiple Statistical Time Series