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Chronic inflammation is known to occur in diabetes mellitus (DM) and contributes to atrial fibrosis, possible substrates for atrial fibrillation. We tested the hypothesis that dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors prevent the formation of atrial fibrosis through their anti-inflammatory activity, beyond the effects of controlling blood glucose.DM models obtained by administration of streptozotocin (STZ) were divided into 3 groups: with PKF275-055, a DPP-4 inhibitor in group D, glibenclamide in group SU, and no additional drug in group P. At 8 weeks after STZ administration, the heart was subjected to Masson trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry with anti-ED2, ED3, and smooth muscle actin antibody.The % area of fibrosis in atria of group P accounted for 14.7% ± 4.1%, showing a significant increase in fibrosis when compared with the control group. In group SU, the % area accounted for 7.9% ± 2.9%, indicating significant deceased fibrosis by sulfonylurea. Meanwhile, we could not find significant differences in group D when compared to group P or group SU. While ED3-positive cells increased in group P (1.12% ± 0.24%), they were significantly decreased in groups D and SU (0.41% ± 0.22% and 0.55% ± 0.29%, respectively). Between group D and SU, however, there were no significant differences in the amount of cells positive to ED2, ED3, and smooth muscle actin antibodies.In STZ-induced DM rats, administration of sulfonylurea and DPP-4 inhibitors inhibited inflammation and fibrosis of the atria. However, no significant differences were observed between the 2 antidiabetic drugs.

No Additional Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitor on Preventing Atrial Fibrosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat as Compared With Sulfonylurea