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Gunumuz modern dis hekimliginde, protetik dis tedavisi, hastalarin cesitli nedenler sonucu kaybettigi dis ve cevre dokulari yerine koymanin yani sira hastanin rahati, estetigi ve konusmasinin da rehabilite edilmesini hedeflemektedir. Brenemark’in 1969 yilinda osseointegrasyon kavramini ortaya koymasinin ardindan, dentalimplantlar, ozellikle parsiyel ve total protez kullanan ve bu protezlerden memnun olmayan hastalar icin basarili bir tedavi secenegi olmustur.Kemik rezorbsiyonunun fazla oldugu posterior dissiz bolgelerde kisa implantlarin kullaniminin bircok avantaji vardir. Bircok vakada, maksillada sinus lift uygulamasindan, mandibulada ise sinir repozisyonu ve vertikal ogmentasyon uygulamalarindan ve bu uygulamalarin guclukleri ve komplikasyonlarindan korunulmasini saglar. Genel olarak bu avantajlar, hastalarin motivasyonunu ve implant destekli protez planlamalarinin kabul edilirligini artirir. Kemik rezorbsiyonunun fazla oldugu posterior dissiz bolgelerde kisa implantlarin kullaniminin bircok avantaji vardir. Bircok vakada, maksillada sinus lift uygulamasindan, mandibulada ise sinir repozisyonu ve vertikal ogmentasyon uygulamalarindan ve bu uygulamalarin guclukleri ve komplikasyonlarindan korunulmasini saglar. Genel olarak bu avantajlar, hastalarin motivasyonunu ve implant destekli protez planlamalarinin kabul edilirligini artirir. Kisa implant kullaniminin bu avantajlarinin yaninda en buyuk dezavantaji kron/implant oraninin artmasidir. Artan kron/implant orani sonucu lateral yukler altinda, kron boyu dikey kaldirac olarak etki gosterir ve kemik-implant ara yuzeyinde olusan stresi arttirir.Calismamizda, 4,1 mm capinda ve uc farkli uzunlukta (6 mm, 8 mm ve 10 mm) toplam 3 adet dental implant secilmistir. Bu uc implantin uzerine kron/implant orani 1/1, 1,5/1 ve 2/1 olacak sekilde ucer adet alt birinci molar metal destekli seramik kron tasarlanmis ve bu implant destekli kronlar mandibula modeline yerlestirilerek toplam 9 adet calisma modeli elde edilmistir. Elde edilen bu modellere, vertikal ve oblik fonksiyonel kuvvetler uygulanarak, kortikal ve spongioz kemikte olusan maksimum ve minimum asal gerilme degerlerine, implantta olusan Von Mises gerilme degerlerine, implantlarda meydana gelen yorulma degerlerine kron/implant oraninin etkisi uc boyutlu sonlu elemanlar stres analiz yontemiyle incelenmistir. Kisa implant endikasyonu konmus vakalarda, daha dusuk kron/implant oraninin saglanmasi, kuvvetlerin implantlarin uzun aksi boyunca yonlendirilmesi, protezi destekleyen implantlarin sayisinin arttirilmasi, daha genis capli implantlarin tercih edilmesi, restorasyonun okluzal yuzeyinin daraltilmasi, tuberkul egimlerinin duzlestirilmesi hem biyomekanik acidan avantaj, hem de implant tedavisinin uzun donem basarisini saglayacaktir. Ayrica hastalarin bruksizm ve benzeri parafonksiyonel aliskanliklari da dikkatlice degerlendirilmelidir. Calismamizin sinirlari icerisinde elde ettigimiz sayisal degerler, kron/implant oraninin yuk transfer mekanizmalarini ve implantlarin klinik basari surelerini etkiledigini gostermistir. Mandibular molar bolgede tek dis eksikliklerinde uygulanacak implant tedavisinde 1/1 kron/implant oraninin diger oranlara gore daha iyi sonuclar verdigi tespit edilmistir. Kron/implant oranindaki artis stres miktarlarinin artmasina ve implantlarin klinik basari surelerinin kisalmasina neden olmustur.Implant biyomekanigi ile ilgili yapilan sonlu eleman stres analizlerinin hicbiri kemik doku ve implant sistemlerinde meydana gelen streslerin degerlendirilmesinde tam olarak yol gosterici olamamistir. Bu nedenle, elde edilen verilerin klinik arastirmalarla desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.AbstractIn today's modern dentistry, prosthetic dental treatment,aims to replace patients' teeth and surrounding tissues that have been lost as a result of a variety of reasons, as well as to rehabilitate patient’s comfort, aesthetics and speech. Since Branemark introduced the concept of osseointegration in 1969, the clinical use of dental implants has become a successful treatment option especially for patients who are complaining about their partial and complete dentures.There are many advantages of using short implants in posterior edentulous regions where bone resorption is much more. Short implants provide to protect the patient from the complications of sinus lifting in maxilla and nerve reposition and vertical augmentation in mandible. These advantages make patients accept the treatment plans with implant supported prosthesis and make them feel more confident.Besides these advantages of short implants, the most important disadvantage is the increased crown/implant ratio. Under the lateral forces as the result of increased crown/implant ratio, the crown length acts like a lever and the stress that occurs in the bone-implant interface increases.In this study, total of 3 dental implants which are 4,1 mm in diameter, were chosen with combination of three different lengths (6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm). Mandibular first molar metal fused ceramic crowns with three different crown/implant ratio (1/1, 1,5/1, 2/1) were designed for each of the 3 implants and these implant supported crowns were placed into the model of mandible, a total of 9 study models were obtained. Vertical and oblique functional forces were applied to these models. The effects of the crown/implant ratio on maximum and minimum cardinal tensile values that occurred in cortical and spongious bone, Von Mises tensile values and fatigue values that occurred in implants were investigated by 3 dimensional finite element analysis.Within the limitations of this study, numerical value results showed that, crown/implant ratio affected the mechanisms of load transfer and the clinical success of implants. In the cases of single tooth absence in mandibular molar regions, it was established that the implant treatment with the crown/implant ratio of 1/1 showed better results.The increase in crown/implant ratio caused increases in stress and shortening the clinical success period of implants.In the cases of short implants, obtaining decreased crown/implant ratio, directing the forces along the long axis of implants, choosing implants with wider diameters, constricting the occlusal surface of the restorations and flattening the inclines of tubercles will provide biomechanical advantages and long term success for implant treatments. Furthermore, parafunctional habits of patients like bruxism should be carefully evaluated.None of the finite element analysis about the biomechanics of implants could be the exact method to evaluate the stress that occurred in bone tissue and implant systems. Therefore, the datas of this study should be supported by clinical investigations.

Evaluation of the Effect of Crown/Implant Ratio on Stress Distribution in Dynamic Loaded Short Implants