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The aim of this study is to describe the use of the pronouns le and les in the Spanish spoken in the province of Barcelona. We analyzed a sample of 12 reading tasks and 22 oral interviews taken from two corpora: the FEC (Fonologia del Espanol Contemporaneo, Pustka et alii 2018) corpus (with mainly Catalan-dominant bilingual speakers) and the Corpus oral de profesionales de la lengua castellana en Barcelona (Sinner 2001, with mainly Spanish-dominant bilinguals). In doing so, we took into account several linguistic variables as well as language dominance of the speakers in order to find out 1) if there is leismo in Catalan Contact Spanish (although there is no equivalent of leismo in Catalan) and if so, 2) which features of the referent and of the verb trigger leismo in this variety, and 3) if Catalan-dominant bilinguals produce leismo to a lesser extent. While the results of the reading task suggest that leismo is not absent in the Spanish of Barcelona, there are only a few cases of leismo in spontaneous speech in both corpora. Regarding the linguistic variables, we see that on the one hand, leismo is not restricted to leismo correcto in our corpora; on the other hand, the majority are fake-leismo cases. Thus, our data seem to suggest that the Spanish of Barcelona is only a fake-leismo variety. Regarding the language dominance, however, we find that Catalan-dominant bilinguals do not produce fewer cases of leismo, since the leismo rate is higher in the FEC corpus.

Leísmo or fake-leísmo? New Insights into Catalan Contact Spanish from the FEC Corpus