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Desde una perspectiva racionalista, que hoy aparece como anacronica ante la popularidad de posiciones relativistas y postmodernistas, se intenta analizar las grandes leyendas sociales bolivianas acerca de los recursos naturales y la Revolucion Nacional de 1952. En la vision colectiva en torno a los recursos naturales, Bolivia aparece como un pais potencialmente riquisimo, cuya pobreza actual seria la obra de perfidos agentes externos y elites antipatrioticas. Algo similar ocurre con la exagerada importancia atribuida a la Revolucion Nacional. La fortaleza de los mitos sociales reside en que estos comparten los prejuicios colectivos mejor. A rationalist perspective appears today as anachronistic because of the popularity of relativist and postmodernist approaches. Nevertheless such a perspective is important in order to analize Bolivia’s largely spread social legends about natural resources and the so-called National Revolution of 1952. According to the collective legend on natural resources, Bolivia is perceived as a potentially very rich country, whose actual poverty is due to the perverse work of foreign factors and unpatriotic elites. Something similar occurs with the exaggerated relevance granted to the National Revolution. The strength of social myths lies in the fact that the myths share the well-rooted social prejudices of the Bolivian population.

Los mitos de gran alcance social: el caso boliviano en la visión de sus intelectuales progresistas