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Development of a green and sustainable agriculture is one of the greatest challenges for the globe to feed the increasingly growing human population. Among the multiplicity of factors that contribute to highly efficient agriculture, animal and crop breeding have always been regarded as a top priority in the agricultural practice of all agriculturally developed nations. Modern animal and crop breeding, following the theories of Mendel and Darwin, are mainly based on systematic selection of individuals with more desirable traits from the germplasm resources that are either already existing or created by cross hybridization, or other approaches such as induction of polyploidy and mutagenesis with chemicals or radiation. Although these breeding strategies have made great contributions to the global production of food, fibre and pharmaceuticals over the last hundred of years, it seems obvious that these established approaches are not sufficient to support sustainable agriculture globally due to their inherent technical limitations. With the recent advent of genome editing technologies centered on sequence-specific nucleases such as zincfinger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated endonucleases (CRISPR/Cas), we are fortunate to see the dawn of a new era of revolutionary breeding technology—genome editing breeding (GEB). Compared to established and transgenic breeding approaches, GEB provides unique opportunities to develop new breeds with novel traits far more precisely, predictably and quickly, and at much lower cost. Realizing the vital importance of GEB for future agriculture globally, Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering is launching a special issue “Genome Editing in Agriculture: Technology, Applications and Regulations ”. We are keen to hear diverse voices from all over the globe on how the genome editing technologies can be applied in agricultural breeding, and particularly on whether or not the genome edited animals and crops should be regulated. As the guest editors for this special issue and researchers in the area, we three strongly believe that GEB will be a key driving force for global sustainable agriculture, and it is now time for policymakers to make decisions.

Highlights of special issue “Genome Editing in Agriculture: Technology, Applications and Regulations”